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Exoplanets are planets outside our solar system, orbiting other stars. Thousands have been discovered using telescopes like Kepler. Some exoplanets lie in the “habitable zone,” where conditions may support life. Study...
Space debris includes old satellites, rocket parts, and fragments orbiting Earth. It poses collision risks for active satellites and the ISS. Even small debris can damage spacecraft at high speeds. International effor...
Dark matter is invisible matter that does not emit light but has gravity, holding galaxies together. Dark energy is a mysterious force causing the universe’s accelerated expansion. Together, they make up about 95% of...
When light from a galaxy moves away from us, its wavelength stretches, appearing red—this is redshift. If it moves closer, the light shifts to blue—blueshift. Most galaxies show redshift, proving that the universe is...
A light year is the distance light travels in one year (about 9.46 trillion km). Since stars and galaxies are very far, using kilometers is impractical. Light years provide a convenient unit for measuring astronomical...
Space exploration helps us discover resources, understand Earth’s climate, and search for extraterrestrial life. It leads to new technologies like satellites, GPS, and medical imaging. It also inspires global cooperat...
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses a network of satellites orbiting Earth. They send signals to receivers on Earth, which calculate position using the time delay of signals. GPS is used in navigation, mapping, d...
A space telescope orbits outside Earth’s atmosphere, avoiding distortion by air and pollution. The Hubble Space Telescope (launched 1990) has taken detailed images of galaxies, nebulae, and planets. It has helped prov...
Chandrayaan is India’s lunar mission. Chandrayaan-1 (2008) discovered water molecules on the Moon. Chandrayaan-2 (2019) aimed to land near the south pole but partially failed. Chandrayaan-3 (2023) successfully landed...
A space probe is an unmanned spacecraft sent beyond Earth to collect data. Examples include Voyager, which explored outer planets, and New Horizons, which flew past Pluto. Space probes expand our knowledge without ris...
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