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a) Asia: The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade before the 17th century. The historians have identified several silk routes, overland and by sea, linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa....
1. The US failed to achieve its objective. Vietnam’s resistance could not be crushed.2. It proved costly to the US. There were high casualties on the US side.3. It was the first war shown on television....
(1) To counter Chinese influence, the French took the following steps:1. They dismantled the traditional education system of Vietnam.2. They established French school of Vietnamese.3. They propagated West...
1. School textbooks glorified the French and justified colonial rule while Vietnamese were represented as primitive and backward.2. They were capable of manual labour but not of intellectual reflection.3. ...
1. Spread of Western-style Education : These schools were started in 1907 to provide a Western-style education. This education included classes in science, hygiene and French (these classes were held in the evenin...
From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le...
1. Frankfurt Parliament (1848-49) was convened at Frankfurt on May 18, 1848 as a result of the liberal revolution that swept the German states early in 1848.2. The parliament was called by a preliminary assem...
1. The Greek war of independence, also known as the Greek Revolution was a successful war of dependence waged by the Greek revolutionaries between 1821 and 1832 against the Ottoman Empire. The Greeks were later as...
1. Cavour was a realist who practiced realistic politics. He allied with France when necessary and with France’s key enemy, Prussia, was necessary.2. Cavour used international power to achieve his domestic goa...
1. Giuseppe Mazzini (1807-1872) was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent a...
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