1.     British Historians’ Focus

o    Early British historians in India mainly wrote about political events, kings, wars, and victories.

o    They believed history should record only important rulers and their achievements.

o    They divided Indian history into Hindu, Muslim, and British periods.

2.     Limitations of This Approach

o    It ignores the lives of ordinary people (farmers, workers, women, artisans).

o    Social, cultural and economic developments get no importance.

o    By dividing history into Hindu and Muslim periods, they created a communal view of history, which was misleading and dangerous.

o    History became one-sided and glorified rulers instead of explaining society as a whole.

3.     Modern Approach

o    Modern historians study every aspect of life – agriculture, trade, technology, customs, caste, women, reform movements, education, etc.

They also use sources like surveys, census records, diaries, and newspapers, not just royal records