Soil erosion is the removal of the topsoil layer by natural forces such as:

·         Water: Heavy rainfall or flowing rivers can wash away soil (called water erosion).

·         Wind: Strong winds can blow loose soil particles away, especially in dry and bare areas (wind erosion).

·         Human Activities: Deforestation, overgrazing, and improper farming can loosen soil and increase erosion.

To prevent soil erosion and conserve soil, the following methods are used:

1.    Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting trees helps hold soil together with their roots.

2.    Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contours of hills reduces water runoff.

3.    Terracing: Creating stepped fields on slopes to reduce erosion.

4.    Crop Rotation and Cover Crops: Growing different crops and cover plants protects soil.

5.    Windbreaks: Planting rows of trees or shrubs to reduce wind speed.

6.    Mulching: Covering soil with organic matter to protect it from rain and wind.

7.    Preventing Overgrazing: Managing livestock to avoid excessive soil damage.