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A cation possesses
fewer electrons than its parent atom while maintaining the same nuclear charge.
As a result, a cation's nucleus attracts electrons more than its parent atom's
nucleus. As a result, a cation is smaller than its parent atom in size. An
anion, on the other hand, possesses one or more electrons than its parent atom,
resulting in higher electron repulsion and a reduction in effective nuclear
charge. As a result, anions have a greater distance between their valence
electrons and the nucleus than their parent atom. As a result, the radius of an
anion is bigger than that of its parent atom.
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