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Explain why cations are smaller and anions larger in radii than their parent atoms.

Class: Class 12 Subject: Chemistry Topic: Basics Of Class 12th Chemistry

A cation possesses fewer electrons than its parent atom while maintaining the same nuclear charge. As a result, a cation's nucleus attracts electrons more than its parent atom's nucleus. As a result, a cation is smaller than its parent atom in size. An anion, on the other hand, possesses one or more electrons than its parent atom, resulting in higher electron repulsion and a reduction in effective nuclear charge. As a result, anions have a greater distance between their valence electrons and the nucleus than their parent atom. As a result, the radius of an anion is bigger than that of its parent atom.

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