Rusting is a chemical process in which iron reacts with oxygen and moisture (water) from the air to form a reddish-brown substance called rust (iron oxide). It is a type of chemical change and leads to the weakening and damage of iron objects.

Rusting Equation:

Iron (Fe) + Oxygen (O₂) + Water (H₂O) → Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃.xH₂O)

Conditions needed for rusting:

• Presence of oxygen (air)
• Presence of water or moisture

Prevention of Rusting:

1.    Painting – Creates a barrier between iron and air/moisture.

2.    Oiling or Greasing – Prevents moisture and air from reaching the surface.

3.    Galvanization – Coating iron with a layer of zinc, which prevents rust.

4.    Alloying – Mixing iron with other metals (like chromium and nickel) to make stainless steel, which does not rust.

5.    Using rust-resistant materials – Choosing materials that do not corrode easily.